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Gut microbiota taxa analysis could offer a better definition of a healthy microbiome

News
December 26, 2022
By
Ehab Naim, MBA.

One of the drivers behind the age-related decline is the gut microbiome. In their study, Ghosh et al. analyzed over 21,000 microbiome profiles from seven databases across five continents.

Age-associated physical and cognitive decline does not run at the same pace for all individuals. Many older adults display healthy aging patterns leading to delayed age-related degeneration. One of the drivers behind the age-linked decline in overall bodily and cognitive functions is the gut microbiome. Research has shown that these microbes modulate the host's immune, metabolic, and neurological processes. In addition, they influence the risk of several diseases, including those related to age. However, it is important to understand that the aging process and its related conditions modulate the gut microbiota. Multiple studies have highlighted that age induces changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiome.

Despite having a broad established understanding that the gut microbiome changes with age, there needs to be more understanding of specific interventions that could particularly help fight the said problem. In addition, diversity and uniqueness are viewed as desirable and associated with healthy aging. However, this might not be accurate, and greater precision in describing such terms and associating them with healthy aging should be practiced, as diversity and uniqueness are not synonymous.

In their study, Ghosh et al. analyzed over 21,000 fecal microbiome profiles from seven databases across five continents. The ages of the participants from which these samples were obtained ranged between 18-107 years. The researchers measured the gut microbiome diversity and uniqueness using several tests. They aimed to explore whether the gain or loss of specific gut microbiome taxa represents a more accurate measure of healthy or unhealthy aging.

Results revealed that aging (in general) and unhealthy aging are associated with the following:

  • Loss of the core microbiota structure. In other words, there is a decline in dominant (health-associated) gut microbiota.
  • A concomitant increase in specific disease-linked microbiome taxa.

The authors concluded that a single time-point measurement of the gut microbiota uniqueness or diversity does not provide sufficient actionable information. In other words, uniqueness and diversity are insufficient to determine health and disease states. Therefore, analyzing the proportions of the gut taxa associated with diseases or health could provide a better metric that could be leveraged therapeutically (modulating the gut microbiome with diet and similar interventions).  

 

Source: Ghosh, T.S., Shanahan, F. & O’Toole, P.W. Toward an improved definition of a healthy microbiome for healthy aging. Nat Aging 2, 1054–1069 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-022-00306-9

Age-associated physical and cognitive decline does not run at the same pace for all individuals. Many older adults display healthy aging patterns leading to delayed age-related degeneration. One of the drivers behind the age-linked decline in overall bodily and cognitive functions is the gut microbiome. Research has shown that these microbes modulate the host's immune, metabolic, and neurological processes. In addition, they influence the risk of several diseases, including those related to age. However, it is important to understand that the aging process and its related conditions modulate the gut microbiota. Multiple studies have highlighted that age induces changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiome.

Despite having a broad established understanding that the gut microbiome changes with age, there needs to be more understanding of specific interventions that could particularly help fight the said problem. In addition, diversity and uniqueness are viewed as desirable and associated with healthy aging. However, this might not be accurate, and greater precision in describing such terms and associating them with healthy aging should be practiced, as diversity and uniqueness are not synonymous.

In their study, Ghosh et al. analyzed over 21,000 fecal microbiome profiles from seven databases across five continents. The ages of the participants from which these samples were obtained ranged between 18-107 years. The researchers measured the gut microbiome diversity and uniqueness using several tests. They aimed to explore whether the gain or loss of specific gut microbiome taxa represents a more accurate measure of healthy or unhealthy aging.

Results revealed that aging (in general) and unhealthy aging are associated with the following:

  • Loss of the core microbiota structure. In other words, there is a decline in dominant (health-associated) gut microbiota.
  • A concomitant increase in specific disease-linked microbiome taxa.

The authors concluded that a single time-point measurement of the gut microbiota uniqueness or diversity does not provide sufficient actionable information. In other words, uniqueness and diversity are insufficient to determine health and disease states. Therefore, analyzing the proportions of the gut taxa associated with diseases or health could provide a better metric that could be leveraged therapeutically (modulating the gut microbiome with diet and similar interventions).  

 

Source: Ghosh, T.S., Shanahan, F. & O’Toole, P.W. Toward an improved definition of a healthy microbiome for healthy aging. Nat Aging 2, 1054–1069 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-022-00306-9

Article reviewed by
Dr. Ana Baroni MD. Ph.D.
SCIENTIFIC & MEDICAL ADVISOR
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Dr. Ana Baroni MD. Ph.D.

Scientific & Medical Advisor
Quality Garant

Ana has over 20 years of consultancy experience in longevity, regenerative and precision medicine. She has a multifaceted understanding of genomics, molecular biology, clinical biochemistry, nutrition, aging markers, hormones and physical training. This background allows her to bridge the gap between longevity basic sciences and evidence-based real interventions, putting them into the clinic, to enhance the healthy aging of people. She is co-founder of Origen.life, and Longevityzone. Board member at Breath of Health, BioOx and American Board of Clinical Nutrition. She is Director of International Medical Education of the American College of Integrative Medicine, Professor in IL3 Master of Longevity at Barcelona University and Professor of Nutrigenomics in Nutrition Grade in UNIR University.

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